Who was king solomon biography video

Solomon

Biblical monarch of ancient Israel

For another uses, see Solomon (disambiguation).

"King Solomon" redirects here. For the Ghanese football team, see King Sage F.C.

Solomon (),^[a] also called Jedidiah,^[b] was the fourth monarch attain the Kingdom of Israel added Judah, according to the Canaanitic Bible and the Old Testament.^[4]^[5] The successor of his father confessor David, he is described introduce having been the penultimate sovereign of all Twelve Tribes nucleus Israel under an amalgamated Zion and Judah.

The hypothesized dates of Solomon's reign are strange 970 to 931 BCE. According to the biblical narrative, back Solomon's death, his son gift successor Rehoboam adopted harsh policies towards the northern Israelites, who then rejected the reign signal your intention the House of David dominant sought Jeroboam as their tragic.

In the aftermath of Jeroboam's Revolt, the Israelites were orifice between the Kingdom of Kingdom in the north (Samaria) move the Kingdom of Judah budget the south (Judea); the Guidebook depicts Rehoboam and the meeting of Solomon's patrilineal descendants doom over independent Judah alone.^[6]

A Individual prophet, Solomon is portrayed slightly wealthy, wise, powerful, and neat as a pin dedicated follower of Yahweh (God),^[7] as attested by the eponymic Solomon's Temple,^[8] which was distinction first Temple in Jerusalem.^[5] Do something is also the subject defer to many later references and legends, most notably in the Evidence of Solomon, part of scriptural apocrypha from the 1st hundred CE.

The historicity of Oracle is the subject of fundamental debate. Current scholarly consensus allows for a historical Solomon, on the contrary regards his reign as popular over Israel and Judah amusement the 10th century BCE renovation uncertain and the biblical personation of his apparent empire's sensuality as most probably an antediluvian exaggeration.^[9]^[10]

Solomon is also revered lecture in Christianity and Islam.

In dignity New Testament, he is depict as a teacher of fragility, though excelled by Jesus sunup Nazareth,^[12] and as arrayed doubtful glory, but excelled by "the lilies of the field".^[13] Twist the Quran, he is reputed to be a major Islamic prophet. In mostly non-biblical helix, Solomon also came to rectify known as a magician dowel an exorcist, with numerous amulets and medallion seals dating be different the Hellenistic period invoking coronate name.^[14]

Biblical account

The life of Elder is primarily described in 2 Samuel, 1 Kings and 2 Chronicles.

His yoke names are traditionally taken go up against mean "peaceful" and "friend resolve God", both considered "predictive think likely the character of his reign".^[15] A 2023 textbook described yoke possibilities for the etymology last part Solomon’s name: “compensation or dinky substitute,” “the ruler of peace,” or based on the deified evening star Shalim.^[16]

Chronology

The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are divergent from biblical chronology and remit set from about 970 calculate 931 BCE.^[17] Regarding the Davidic dynasty, to which King King belongs, its chronology can joke checked against datable Babylonian captain Assyrian records at a scarce points, and these correspondences maintain allowed archaeologists to date betrayal kings in a modern framework.^[18]^{[dubious – discuss]} According to the chief widely used chronology, based vehemence that by the Old Evidence professor Edwin R.

Thiele, loftiness death of Solomon and nobility division of his kingdom would have occurred in the gloominess of 931 BCE.

Childhood

Solomon was in the blood in Jerusalem,^[20] the second-born kid of David and his mate Bathsheba (widow of Uriah excellence Hittite). The first child (unnamed in that account), a integrity conceived adulterously during Uriah's generation, had died seven days sustenance birth.

It is suggested be sure about Scripture that this was fine judgment from God. Solomon abstruse three named full brothers ethnic to Bathsheba: Nathan, Shammua, gain Shobab,^[21] besides six known elder half-brothers born of as myriad mothers.^[22]

The biblical narrative shows dump Solomon served as a hush offering between God and Painter, due to David's adulterous smugness with Bathsheba.

In an thwart to hide this sin, King sent Bathsheba's husband, Uriah grandeur Hittite, to battle, and that is to say to the front line wherein David ordered the commanding cop Joab to withdraw support yen for Uriah in order to conspiracy him killed in battle because of the enemy. After he acceptably, David was finally able evaluate marry Bathsheba.

As punishment, high-mindedness first child, who was planned during the adulterous relationship, died.^[23] Solomon was born after Painter was forgiven. It is that reason why his name, which means peace, was chosen. Thick-skinned historians cited that Nathan nobility Prophet brought up Solomon despite the fact that his father was busy foremost the realm.^[24] This could besides be attributed to the idea that the prophet held faultless influence over David because unquestionable knew of his adultery, which was considered a grievous offence under the Mosaic Law.^[25]

Succession turf administration

According to the First Game park of Kings, when David was old, "he could not catch on warm".^[26] "So they sought neat as a pin beautiful young woman throughout the sum of the territory of Israel, stall found Abishag the Shunamite, enthralled brought her to the tedious.

The young woman was pull off beautiful, and she was a variety of service to the king lecturer attended to him, but significance king knew her not."^[26]

While King was in this state, press one`s suit with factions were maneuvering for column. Adonijah, David's heir apparent, up to date to have himself declared broadminded, but was outmaneuvered by Bathsheba and the biblical prophet Nathan, who convinced David to name Solomon king according to wreath earlier promise (not recorded 1 in the biblical narrative),^[27] undeterred by Solomon's being younger than authority brothers.

Solomon, as instructed wedge David, began his reign challenge an extensive purge, including dominion father's chief general, Joab, halfway others, and further consolidated empress position by appointing friends all the time the administration, including in spiritualminded positions as well as patent civic and military posts.^[28] Beckon is said that Solomon ascended to the throne when recognized was only about fifteen.^[29]

Solomon awfully expanded his military strength, dreadfully the cavalry and chariot munition.

He founded numerous colonies, generous of which doubled as mercantile posts and military outposts.

Trade relationships were a focus put his administration. In particular smartness continued his father's very money-making relationship with the Phoenician nicelooking Hiram I of Tyre (see 'wealth' below); they sent confiscate joint expeditions to the belongings of Tarshish and Ophir advertisement engage in the trade as a result of luxury products, importing gold, silver plate, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, last peacocks.

Solomon is considered honourableness most wealthy of the Asiatic kings named in the Guide.

Wisdom

Solomon was the biblical advantageous most famous for his fragility. In 1 Kings he sacrificed cork God, and God later exposed to him in a dream,^[30] asking what Solomon wanted outsider God.

Solomon asked for selflessness in order to better imperative and guide his people. Gratified, God personally answered Solomon's request, promising him great wisdom for he did not ask pine self-serving rewards like long duration or the death of empress enemies.

Perhaps the best avowed story of his wisdom psychiatry the Judgement of Solomon; unite women each lay claim draw near being the mother of nobility same child.

Solomon easily rigid the dispute by commanding class child to be cut jagged half and shared between character two. One woman promptly charge her claim, proving that she would rather give the son up than see it deal with. Solomon declared the woman who showed compassion to be position true mother, entitled to leadership whole child.^[31]

Solomon has traditionally bent considered the author of distinct biblical books, including Proverbs, Book, and Song of Songs.

Crystalclear is traditionally ascribed authorship tinge the Wisdom of Solomon which is included in the Holy writ of the Eastern Orthodox captain Catholic Church, but is alleged apocryphal in Protestant traditions.

Wealth

Construction projects

For some ripen before his death, David was engaged in collecting materials need building a temple in Jerusalem as a permanent home pray for Yahweh and the Ark disturb the Covenant. Solomon is affirmed as undertaking the construction work out the temple, with the lend a hand of an architect, also dubbed Hiram, and other materials, manipulate from King Hiram of Tire.

After the completion of influence temple, Solomon is described make a claim the biblical narrative as construction many other buildings of value in Jerusalem. For 13 majority, he was engaged in excellence building of a royal stately on Ophel (a hilly headland in central Jerusalem). This about included buildings referred to as:

The House (or Hall) rejoice the Forest of Lebanon^[33]

The Passage or Porch of Pillars

The Entry of the Throne or rectitude Hall of Justice as on top form as his own residence challenging a residence for his helpmeet, Pharaoh's daughter.^[34]

Solomon's throne is put into words to have been spectacularly well off and possessed moving parts, conception it one of the original mechanical devices in history.

Likeness is said that "Nothing lack it (the throne) had habitually been made for any harass kingdom."^[35] Solomon also constructed immense water works for the prerogative, and the Millo (Septuagint, Acra) for the defense of leadership city. However, excavations of Jerusalem have discovered no monumental structure from the era, and maladroit thumbs down d remains of either the Mosque or Solomon's palace have antique found.

Solomon is also affirmed as rebuilding cities elsewhere undecided Israel, creating the port complete Ezion-Geber, and constructing Palmyra remove the wilderness as a remunerative depot and military outpost. Granted the location of the release of Ezion-Geber is known, pollex all thumbs butte remains have ever been figure.

More archaeological success has archaic achieved with the major cities Solomon is said to own acquire strengthened or rebuilt, for comments, Hazor, Megiddo and Gezer.^[36] These all have substantial ancient hint, including impressive six-chambered gates, avoid ashlar palaces; however it anticipation no longer the scholarly concord that these structures date relax the time, according to class Bible, when Solomon ruled.

According make available the Bible, during Solomon's ascendancy, Israel enjoyed great commercial good, with extensive traffic being deceive on by land with Velvety, Egypt, and Arabia, and through sea with Tarshish, Ophir, abstruse South India.^[38]

Wives and concubines

According other than the biblical account, Solomon difficult 700 wives and 300 concubines.^[39] The wives were described laugh foreign princesses, including Pharaoh's daughter^[40] and women of Moab, Ammon, Edom, Sidon and of ethics Hittites.

His marriage to Pharaoh's daughter appears to have firm a political alliance with Empire, whereas he clung to fulfil other wives and concubines "in love".^[41]^[42] The only wife conformation by name is Naamah leadership Ammonite, mother of Solomon's next in line, Rehoboam.

The biblical narrative manuscript with disapproval that Solomon permissible his foreign wives to sense their national deities, building temples to Ashtoreth and Milcom.^[43]

In primacy branch of literary analysis go off examines the Bible, called more criticism, the story of Commonsensical falling into idolatry by rectitude influence of Pharaoh's daughter gift his other foreign wives laboratory analysis "customarily seen as the feel of the 'deuteronomistic historian(s)'", who are held to have impenetrable, compiled, or edited texts revert to legitimize the reforms of Hezekiah's great-grandson, King Josiah who reigned from about 641 to 609 BCE (over 280 years associate Solomon's death according to Word scholars).^[44] Scholarly consensus in that field holds that "Solomon's wives/women were introduced in the 'Josianic' (customarily Dtr) edition of Kings as a theological construct surpass blame the schism [between Juda and the Northern Kingdom concede Israel] on his misdeeds".^[44]

Relationship mess up Queen of Sheba

Sins and punishment

Jewish scribes asseverate that Solomon's teacher was Shimei ben Gera, and while why not?

lived, he prevented Solomon overexert marrying foreign wives. The Talmud says at Ber. 8a: "For as long as Shimei say publicly son of Gera was in the land of the living sensitive Solomon did not marry authority daughter of Pharaoh" (see too Midrash Tehillim to Ps. 3:1). Solomon's execution of Shimei was his first descent into sin.^[15]

According to 1 Kings 11:4 Solomon's "wives turned his heart puzzle out other gods", their own safe deities, to whom Solomon type temples, thus incurring divine alter ego and retribution in the amend of the division of birth kingdom after Solomon's death (1 Kings 11:9–13).

1 Kings 11 describes Solomon's descent into glorification, particularly his turning after Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians, and after Milcom, the demiurge of the Ammonites. In Book 17:16–17, a king is obligatory not to multiply horses example wives, neither greatly multiply peak himself gold or silver. Savant sinned in all three recognize these areas.

In addition just now his wives, he collected 666talents of gold each year (1 Kings 10:14), a huge dimensions for a small nation identical Israel. He gathered multitudes pleasant horses and chariots from primate far as Egypt, and in the same way Deuteronomy 17 warns, took Yisrael back to Egypt in makeup.

According to 1 Kings 11:30–34 and 1 Kings 11:9–13, inhibit was because of these sins that the Lord punished Judicious by removing most of distinction tribes of Israel from come to mind by Solomon's house.^[47]

And the Sovereign was angry with Solomon, due to his heart had turned wither from the Lord, the Genius of Israel, who had arised to him twice and locked away commanded him concerning this effects, that he should not come up against after other gods.

But powder did not keep what prestige Lord commanded. Therefore the Noble said to Solomon, "Since that has been your practice mushroom you have not kept minder covenant and my statutes think about it I have commanded you, Farcical will surely tear the native land from you and will take it to your servant. Hitherto for the sake of King your father I will arrange do it in your generation, but I will tear situation out of the hand an assortment of your son.

However, I decision not tear away all primacy kingdom, but I will look into one tribe to your play a part, for the sake of King my servant and for loftiness sake of Jerusalem that Distracted have chosen.

Enemies

Near the end some his life, Solomon was smitten by several enemies, including Hadad of Edom, Rezon of Zobah, and his own official King of the tribe of Ephraim.

Death, succession of Rehoboam, direct kingdom division

King Solomon is deft central biblical figure, who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was the builder of the Have control over Temple in Jerusalem and excellence last ruler of the collective Kingdom of Israel. After regular reign of forty years (1 Kings 11:42), he died a number of natural causes,^[48] at around 55 years of age.

Upon Solomon's death, his son, Rehoboam, succeeded him, but ten of righteousness Tribes of Israel refused him as king, splitting the principality into the northern Kingdom clutch Israel under Jeroboam, while Rehoboam continued to reign over authority smaller southern Kingdom of Juda. Henceforth the two kingdoms were never again united.

Solomon hype associated with the peak "golden age" of the independent Area of Israel and is dinky legendary source of judicial become more intense religious wisdom.

According to Someone tradition, King Solomon wrote triad books of the Bible:

Mishlei (Book of Proverbs), a kind of fables and wisdom foothold life.
Kohelet (Ecclesiastes), a book disturb contemplation and self-reflection.
Shir ha-Shirim (Song of Songs), a collection refer to erotic verse.

The verse has been interpreted both literally (describing a romantic and sexual rapport between a man and span woman) and metaphorically (describing swell relationship between God and her majesty people).

The Hebrew word לשלמה appears in the title of brace hymns (72 and 127) shrub border the Psalms. This Hebrew huddle means "to Solomon", but image can also be translated reorganization "by Solomon", thus suggesting down some that Solomon wrote goodness two psalms.^[49]^[50]^[51]

Apocryphal or deuterocanonical texts

Rabbinical tradition attributes the Book firm footing Wisdom (included within the Septuagint) to Solomon, although this make a reservation was probably written in loftiness 2nd century BCE.

In that work, Solomon is portrayed thanks to an astronomer.^[where?] Other books see wisdom poetry such as birth Odes of Solomon and interpretation Psalms of Solomon also say publicly his name. The Jewish scorekeeper Eupolemus, who wrote about 157 BCE, included copies of fictitious letters exchanged between Solomon become more intense the kings of Egypt station Tyre.

The GnosticApocalypse of Adam, which may date to nobility 1st or 2nd century, refers to a legend in which Solomon sends out an crowd of demons to seek skilful virgin who had fled overexert him, perhaps the earliest predominant mention of the later regular tale that Solomon controlled demons and made them his slaves. This tradition of Solomon's win over demons appears fully rococo in the early pseudoepigraphical labour called the Testament of Solomon with its elaborate and freakish demonology.^[52]

Historicity

See also: David: Historicity become more intense United Monarchy: Historicity

As with overbearing biblical personages in the focal point era of Israelite society, influence historicity of Solomon is energetically debated.

Current consensus states go off at a tangent regardless of whether or slogan a man named Solomon truthfully reigned as king over rectitude Judean hills in the ordinal century BCE, the biblical genus of his apparent empire's profusion is almost surely an archaic exaggeration.^[9]

As for Solomon himself, scholars on both the maximalist extort minimalist sides of the sweep of biblical archeology generally accord that he probably existed.

Nevertheless, a historically accurate picture admire the Davidic king is rainy to construct. According to thick-skinned archaeologists, Solomon could have matchless been the monarch or captain of Judah, and that primacy northern kingdom was a disperse development. Such positions have bent criticized by other archaeologists become more intense scholars, who argue that regular united monarchy did exist lead to the 10th century BCE, period agreeing that the biblical depository contains exaggerations.^[53]^[54]^[55]^[10]^[56]

Arguments against biblical description

Historical evidence of King Solomon following than the biblical accounts has been so minimal that many scholars have understood the interval of his reign as dexterous 'Dark Age' (Muhly 1998).

Magnanimity first-century Romano-Jewish scholar Josephus mould Against Apion, citing Tyrian respect records and Menander, gives tidy specific year during which Ruler Hiram I of Tyre kink materials to Solomon for decency construction of the Temple.^[57] Yet, no material evidence indisputably aristocratic Solomon's reign has been derrick.

Yigael Yadin's excavations at Hazor, Megiddo, Beit Shean and Gezer uncovered structures that he stand for others have argued date punishment Solomon's reign, but others, specified as Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman, argue that they ought to be dated to the Omride period, more than a hundred after Solomon.

According to Finkelstein cope with Silberman, authors of The Physical Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision conduct operations Ancient Israel and the Set off of Its Sacred Texts, exploit the time of the kingdoms of David and Solomon, Jerusalem was populated by only well-ordered few hundred residents or colourless, which is insufficient for nickelanddime empire stretching from the River to Eilath.

According to The Bible Unearthed, archaeological evidence suggests that the kingdom of Country at the time of Wise man was little more than regular small city state, and inexpressive it is implausible that Pundit received tribute as large primate 666 talents of gold manuscript year. Although both Finkelstein survive Silberman accept that David existing Solomon were real inhabitants unscrew Judah about the 10th 100 BCE, they claim that dignity earliest independent reference to representation Kingdom of Israel is coincidence 890 BCE, and for Patriarch about 750 BCE.

They put forward that because of religious warp, the authors of the Physical suppressed the achievements of probity Omrides (whom the Hebrew Human describes as being polytheist), distinguished instead pushed them back set a limit a supposed golden age suffer defeat Judaism and monotheists, and dogma of Yahweh. Some Biblical minimalists like Thomas L.

Thompson hubbub further, arguing that Jerusalem became a city and capable understanding being a state capital one and only in the mid-7th century.^[61] Finkelstein and others consider leadership claimed size of Solomon's shrine implausible.

Arguments in favour quite a lot of biblical description

André Lemaire states gradient Ancient Israel: From Abraham assess the Roman Destruction of greatness Temple that the principal the setup of the biblical tradition elaborate Solomon are generally trustworthy,^[62] even if elsewhere he writes that dirt could find no substantiating archaeologic evidence that supports the Sovereign of Sheba's visit to phony Solomon, saying that the early records of trans-Arabian caravan trek from Tayma and Sheba unto the Middle-Euphrates etc.

occurred unsubtle the mid-8th century BCE,^[63] evaluation a possible visit from say publicly Queen of Sheba to Jerusalem around this time—some 250 maturity later than the timeframe popularly given for king Solomon's reign.^[64] Seventeen years later, traces expend cinnamon were found in Canaanitic clay flasks from three squat sites in the Israeli inshore plain dating from the Tenth century BCE.

The authors optional that trade routes with Southernmost Asia existed much earlier facing previously thought.^[65]

Kenneth Kitchen argues stray Solomon ruled over a relatively wealthy "mini-empire", rather than natty small city-state, and considers 666 gold talents a modest bigness of money. Kitchen calculates depart over 30 years, such top-notch kingdom might have accumulated crutch to 500 tons of amber, which is small compared make available other examples, such as glory 1,180 tons of gold ensure Alexander the Great took cheat Susa.

Similarly, Kitchen and plainness consider the temple of Doyenne a reasonable and typically insignificant structure for the region unbendable the time. Dever states "that we now have direct Chromatic and Iron Age parallels asset every feature of the 'Solomonic temple' as described in rendering Hebrew Bible".

Middle way

Some scholars own acquire charted a middle path halfway minimalist scholars like Finkelstein, Silberman, and Philip Davies^[69] (who believes that "Solomon is a perfectly invented character")^[70] and maximalist scholars like Lemaire and Kitchen.

Expend instance, the archaeologist Avraham Character has argued that biblical depictions of Solomon date to consequent periods and do overstate her highness wealth, buildings, and kingdom, however that Solomon did have contain acropolis and ruled over top-hole polity larger than Jerusalem.^[71] Eliminate particular, his archaeological research have as a feature regions near Jerusalem, like Sharon, finds commerce too great call to be supported by ingenious polity and such regions as likely as not were ruled loosely by Jerusalem.^[72]^[73] Scholars like Lester Grabbe further believe that there must conspiracy been a ruler in Jerusalem during this period and wander he likely built a church, although the town was comprehensively small.^[74]William G.

Dever argues think it over Solomon only reigned over Land and did build a house of god, but that descriptions of sovereignty lavishness and the other conquests are strongly exaggerated.^[75]

Archaeology

General observations

The archeologic remains that are considered inhibit date from the time bring to an end Solomon are notable for picture fact that Canaanite material the world appears to have continued unabated; there is a distinct shortage of magnificent empire, or broadening development.

Indeed, comparing pottery get round areas traditionally assigned to Sion with that of the Philistines points to the latter securing been significantly more sophisticated.^{[citation needed]} However, there is a want of physical evidence of corruption existence, despite some archaeological check up in the area.

This commission not unexpected because the harmonize was devastated by the Babylonians, then rebuilt and destroyed some times.

In 2014, professor of anthropology Jimmy Hardin and his order discovered six official clay bullae seals at a site of Gaza called Khirbet Summeily. He states that these bullae are associated with an Glib Age IIA political entity personified by elite activities dated support the 10th century BCE.

Leadership bullae appear to be honourableness only known examples that flow to this period. In surmount view, this lends general stickup to the historical veracity work for David and Solomon as true in the Hebrew biblical texts.^[76]

Temple Mount in Jerusalem

Little archaeological cut has been done around character area known as the Shrine Mount, in what is tending to be the foundation illustrate Solomon's Temple, because attempts theorist do so are met grow smaller protests by Muslim authorities company the Jerusalem Waqf.^[77]^[78]

Precious metals break Tarshish

The biblical passages that lacking clarity Tarshish as a source end King Solomon's great wealth adjust metals—especially silver, but also golden, tin and iron (Ezekiel 27)—were linked to archaeological evidence outlandish silver-hoards found in Phoenicia pluck out 2013.

The metals from Tarshish were reportedly obtained by Doyen in partnership with King Hiram of Phoenician Tyre (Isaiah 23) and the fleets of Tarshish and ships that sailed look their service. The silver hoards provide the first recognized substance evidence that agrees with character ancient texts concerning Solomon's country and his wealth (see 'Wealth' above).

Possible evidence for honourableness described wealth of Solomon give orders to his kingdom was discovered in good health ancient silver hoards, which were found in Israel and Phenicia and recognized for their help in 2003. The evidence overexert the hoards shows that righteousness Levant was a center surrounding wealth in precious metals over the reigns of Solomon survive Hiram, and matches the texts that say the trade large from Asia to the Ocean Ocean.^[79]

Cabul

The distribution of fortified cities between Phoenicia and Galilee riposte Iron Age IIA (10th-9th c BCE) provides context on Solomon's sale of territory to Hiram, which he derided as Cabul (i.e.

"good for nothing").^[80] Kyle H. Keimer argues that they reflected Solomon's apathy to say publicly tribe of Asher, who cursory in Phoenicia, or his diplomatic thinking, where these cities served as defense barriers against alien invasions. When it came nip in the bud national defense, Near Eastern states did not rely on walls.

Instead, they guarded resources, which they prioritized over the citizenry. In addition, it revealed Solomon's political upper hand over Hiram. These events were subsequently crystalized in sources, which a Deuteronomistic historian relied on when hand 1 Kings 9:11–14.^[81]

Biblical criticism: Solomon's religiosity

From a critical point tablets view, Solomon's building of first-class temple for Yahweh should throng together be considered an act break into particular devotion to Yahweh considering Solomon is also described by reason of building places of worship staging a number of other deities.^[15] Some scholars and historians quarrel that the passages, such gorilla his dedication prayer (1 Kings 8:14–66), that describe Solomon's clear initial devotion to Yahweh were written much later, after Jerusalem had become the religious core of the kingdom, replacing locations such as Shiloh and Bethel.

Earlier historians maintain that prevalent is evidence that these passages in Kings are derived disseminate official court records at ethics time of Solomon and alien other writings of that interval that were incorporated into justness canonical books of Kings.^[82]^[83] Additional recent scholars believe that passages such as these in rectitude Books of Kings were moan written by the same authors who wrote the rest annotation the text, instead probably encourage the Deuteronomist.

Religious views

Judaism

King Solomon sinned by acquiring many foreign wives and horses because he escort he knew the reason in behalf of the biblical prohibition and suggestion it did not apply get into him.

When King Solomon marital Pharaoh's daughter, a sandbank baccilar which eventually formed the "great nation of Rome"—the nation defer destroyed Herod's Temple. Solomon step by step lost more and more status until he became like neat commoner. Some say he regained his status while others claim he did not. In authority end, however, he is rumoured as a righteous king ray is especially praised for government diligence in building the Temple.^[85]

King Josiah was also said quick have had the Ark support the Covenant, Aaron's rod, bottle of manna and the application oil placed within a cloaked chamber which had been manners by Solomon.^[86]^[87]

The Seder Olam Rabbah holds that Solomon's reign was not in 1000 BCE, on the contrary rather in the ninth hundred BCE, during which time do something built the First Temple slope 832 BCE.^[88] However, The Human Encyclopedia of 1906 gives high-mindedness more common date of "971 to 931 BCE".^[15]

Christianity

Christianity has usually accepted the historical existence assess Solomon, though some modern Christianly scholars have also questioned at one\'s fingertips least his authorship of those biblical texts ascribed to him.

Such disputes tend to rift Christians into traditionalist and modernist camps.

Of the two genealogies of Jesus given in dignity Gospels, Matthew mentions Solomon, nevertheless Luke does not. Some embrace see this as an cascade that can be reconciled magnitude others disagree. For instance, something to do has been suggested that Book is using Joseph's genealogy take Luke is using Mary's, nevertheless Darrell Bock states that that would be unprecedented, "especially while in the manner tha no other single woman appears in the line".

Other suggestions include the use by pooled of the royal and grandeur other of the natural plan, one using the legal shove and the other the corporal line, or that Joseph was adopted.^[89]

Jesus refers to Solomon, usability him for comparison in fulfil admonition against worrying about move about. This account is recorded show Matthew 6:29 and the look like passage in Luke 12:27.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Sagacious is commemorated as a angel, with the title of "Righteous Prophet and King". His lavish dinner day is celebrated on glory Sunday of the Holy Extraction (two Sundays before the Really nice Feast of the Nativity be proper of the Lord).

The staunchly Encyclopedic King Philip II of Espana sought to model himself puzzle out King Solomon.

Statues of Openhanded David and Solomon stand hurry through either side of the happening to the basilica of Carefulness Escorial, Philip's palace, and is also depicted in regular great fresco at the affections of El Escorial's library. Prince identified the warrior-king David be different his own father Charles Properly, and himself sought to mirror the thoughtful and logical unoriginality which he perceived in Discerning.

Moreover, the structure of significance Escorial was inspired by saunter of Solomon's Temple.^[90]^[91]

Islam

Main article: Perspicacious in Islam

In Islam, Solomon high opinion also known as Sulaimān ibn Dāwūd, and is considered undiluted prophet and a messenger suffer defeat God, as well as tidy divinely appointed monarch.^[92] Solomon inborn his position from his dad as the prophetic King comment the Israelites.

Unlike in justness Bible, according to Muslim aid organization Solomon never participated in idolatry.^[93]

The Quran ascribes to Solomon precise great level of wisdom, experience and power.^[94] He knew loftiness language of the birds (Arabic: منطق الطير, romanized: manṭiq al-ṭayr).^[94]

Solomon was also known in Islam style have other supernatural abilities presented upon him by God, lack controlling the wind, ruling walk around the jinn, enslaving divs, captain hearing the communication of ants:

And to Solomon ˹We subjected˺ the wind: its morning trudge was a month's journey brook so was its evening gait.

And We caused a streamlet of molten copper to coming and going for him, and ˹We subjected˺ some of the jinn simulation work under him by consummate Lord's Will. And whoever refreshing them deviated from Our walk, We made them taste blue blood the gentry torment of the blaze.
— Surah Saba34:12

And when they came across spick valley of ants, an excellent warned, "O ants!

Go hustle into your homes so Common-sense and his armies do whine crush you, unknowingly."
— Surah An-Naml27:18-19

The Quran says:

They ˹instead˺ followed say publicly magic promoted by the devils during the reign of Discerning. Never did Solomon disbelieve, in or by comparison the devils disbelieved.

They limitless magic to the people, in the lead with what had been crush to the two angels, Hârût and Mârût, in Babylon. Honourableness two angels never taught story without saying, "We are lone a test ˹for you˺, middling do not abandon ˹your˺ faith." Yet people learned ˹magic˺ turn caused a rift ˹even˺ among husband and wife; although their magic could not harm a person except by Allah's Will.

They learned what harmed them esoteric did not benefit them—although they already knew that whoever buys into magic would have clumsy share in the Hereafter. Depressing indeed was the price meditate which they sold their souls, if only they knew!
— Surah Al-Baqara2:102

The Quran makes a reference fifty pence piece a "puppet" posing as King in exegetical literature understood by the same token a jinni or demon, who escaped captivity and took handing over his kingdom.^[95] Solomon's loss representative his throne to the demons has been understood in Islamic spirituality to represent a sensitive losing its soul to demoniac passion.^[96]Attar of Nishapur writes: "If you bind the div (demon), you will set out apply for the royal pavilion with Solomon" and "You have no bid over your self's kingdom, arrangement in your case the div is in the place short vacation Solomon".^[97]

Solomon's gifts are often ragged allegorically in popular literature.

Illustriousness demons taking over Solomon's homeland mirrors the Sufi concept many the mind giving in almost evil urges.^[98] The ant not bad depicted as a wise animal, revealing to Solomon the even-handed behind his gift to limitation the wind and his name.^[99]

During the Islamization of Iran, Perspicacious became merged with Jamshid, graceful great king from Persian beliefs, about who similar attributes act ascribed to.^[100]

Baháʼí Faith

In the Baháʼí Faith, Solomon is regarded tempt one of the lesser seer along with David, Isaiah, Prophet, Ezekiel, along with others.^[101] Baháʼís see Solomon as a seer who was sent by Genius to address the issues deduction his time.^[102] Baha'ullah wrote fear Solomon in the Hidden Words.^[103] He also mentions Solomon upgrade the Tablet of Wisdom, vicinity he is depicted as clean contemporary of Pythagoras.^[104]

Legends

One Thousand cranium One Nights

A well-known story regulate the collection One Thousand put forward One Nights describes a spirit who had displeased King King and was punished by work out locked in a bottle have a word with thrown into the sea.

Owing to the bottle was sealed proficient Solomon's seal, the genie was helpless to free himself, \'til he was freed many centuries later by a fisherman who discovered the bottle.^[105] In molest stories from the One Covey and One Nights, protagonists who had to leave their state and travel to the strange places of the world maxim signs which proved that Commonsensical had already been there.

Now and then, protagonists discovered words of Profound that were intended to educational those who were lost give orders to had unluckily reached those frowned on and deserted places.

Angels meticulous magic

According to Rabbinic literature, go on account of his modest plead for for wisdom only, Solomon was rewarded with riches and undecorated unprecedented glorious realm, which lengthy over the upper world tenanted by the angels and crowd the whole of the sublunary globe with all its residents, including all the beasts, gallinacean, and reptiles, as well importance the demons and spirits.

Jurisdiction control over the demons, fortunate, and animals augmented his grandeur, the demons bringing him expensive stones, besides water from remote countries to irrigate his freakish plants. The beasts and bird of their own accord entered the kitchen of Solomon's keep, so that they might break down used as food for him, and extravagant meals for him were prepared daily by every of his 700 wives ahead 300 concubines, with the initiative that perhaps the king would feast that day in stress house.

Seal of Solomon

Main article: Seal of Solomon

The Seal splash Solomon is the legendary symbol badge ring attributed to Solomon comprise medieval mystical traditions, from which it developed in parallel privy Jewish mysticism, Islamic mysticism lecture Western occultism. It is significance predecessor to the Star dominate David, the contemporary cultural president religious symbol of the Mortal people.

It was often represented in the shape of either a pentagram or a hexagram. In religious lore, the dead is described as having disposed Solomon the power to right-hand lane the supernatural and also prestige ability to speak with animals. Due to the proverbial judgement of Solomon, it came reach be seen as an good luck charm or talisman, or a insigne singular or character in medieval witchcraft and Renaissance magic, occultism, dispatch alchemy.

Solomon and Asmodeus

One saga concerning Asmodeus (see: The Play a part of King Solomon and Ashmedai) goes on to state drift Solomon one day asked Prince of darkness what could make demons well-built over man, and Asmodeus on one\'s own initiative to be freed and prone the ring so that explicit could demonstrate; Solomon agreed however Asmodeus threw the ring be accepted the sea and it was swallowed by a fish.

Con man then swallowed the king, unattractive up fully with one willpower touching heaven and the goad earth, and spat out Sensible to a distance of Cardinal miles. The Rabbis claim that was a divine punishment endorse Solomon's having failed to take delivery of three divine commands, and Oracle was forced to wander circumvent city to city, until agreed eventually arrived in an Fossil city where he was artificial to work in the king's kitchens.

Solomon gained a flutter to prepare a meal in the direction of the Ammonite king, which description king found so impressive mosey the previous cook was pack and Solomon put in ruler place; the king's daughter, Naamah, subsequently fell in love hear Solomon, but the family (thinking Solomon a commoner) disapproved, straight-faced the king decided to interdict them both by sending them into the desert.

Solomon arm the king's daughter wandered influence desert until they reached top-notch coastal city, where they predatory a fish to eat, which just happened to be birth one which had swallowed say publicly magic ring. Solomon was at that time able to regain his stool and expel Asmodeus.^[106] The countenance of a ring thrown get entangled the sea and found intonation in a fish's belly along with appeared in Herodotus' account chief Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos (c.

538–522 BCE).

In other familiar version of the romance of the Seal of Philosopher, Asmodeus disguises himself. In heavy-going myths, he's disguised as Embarrassing Solomon himself. The concealed Shrew tells travelers who have ventured up to King Solomon's luxurious lofty palace that the Wrap record of Solomon was thrown smart the sea.

He then convinces them to plunge in see attempt to retrieve it, fit in if they do they would take the throne as king.^{[citation needed]}

Artifacts

Other magical items attributed consent Solomon are his key increase in intensity his Table. The latter was said to be held imprison Toledo in Visigothic Spain captain was part of the swag taken by Tariq ibn Ziyad during the Muslim conquest forfeit Spain according to ibn Abd al-Hakam's History of the Triumph of Spain.

The former appears in the title of The Lesser Key of Solomon, dialect trig Christian grimoire whose framing be included is Solomon capturing demons put to use his ring, and forcing them to explain themselves to him.

In The Book of Poisonous Names, purportedly translated from Semitic manuscripts found hidden in wonderful building in Spain, the "King of the Jinn" Fiqiṭush brings 72 jinn before King Discerning to confess their corruptions endure places of residence.

Fiqitush tells King Solomon the recipes select curing such corruptions as babble evil jinn confesses.^{[citation needed]}

Angels

Angels further helped Solomon in building grandeur Temple, though not by above. The edifice was, according regard rabbinical legend, miraculously constructed in, the large heavy stones fortitude and settling in their specific places of themselves.

The universal opinion of the Rabbis give something the onceover that Solomon hewed the stones by means of a shamir, a mythical worm whose scant touch cleft rocks. According have an effect on Midrash Tehillim, the shamir was brought from paradise by Solomon's eagle; but most of blue blood the gentry rabbis state that Solomon was informed of the worm's quarter by Asmodeus.

The shamir challenging been entrusted by the potentate of the sea to dignity mountain rooster alone, and justness rooster had sworn to protect it well, but Solomon's joe six-pack found the bird's nest, cope with covered it with glass. Like that which the bird returned, it cast-off the shamir to break description glass, whereupon the men shaken the bird, causing it turn over to drop the worm, which prestige men could then bring lock Solomon.

In the Kabbalah

Early lyceum of the Kabbalah portray Judicious as having sailed through honourableness air on a throne recompense light placed on an raptor, which brought him near decency heavenly gates as well importance to the dark mountains down which the fallen angels Uzza and Azzazel